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some developed for the defunct space shuttle programme), but these are currently 100x the cost.

Step-by-step hierarchy for net zero operational carbon.In order to substantially reduce embodied carbon, our designs will adopt the following hierarchy:.

Build Nothing: identify opportunities to reuse existing structures, refurbish and reuse demolition materials onsite.Build Less: optimise the building’s form, structure, structural grid, WWR and DfMA components; recommend the use of durable materials, design-out basements and false ceilings (exposed soffit); design spaces which are adaptable and can be easily deconstructed..Build Clever: specify low carbon materials with a focus on the recycled content of steel and concrete and the use of timber; maximise the recycled content of finishes, use reclaimed floors and explore system’s rental; where possible use low GWP refrigerants and avoid VRF systems..

Build Efficiently: implement innovative construction strategies such as Modern methods of Construction (MMC) and use a DfMA approach to reduce waste onsite..Offset: Any remaining carbon should be offset via recognised carbon offset schemes.

Offsets used should be publicly disclosed.. An example of design strategies that follow the proposed embodied carbon hierarchy is shown in Figure 5..

Step-by-step hierarchy for net zero embodied carbon.‘It also encourages a positive attitude when you come in because even the patients...when they come in...look impressed.

So they have a positive approach to it and even the staff, really.’.‘I think it’s a lovely environment to work in,’ comments Highton, before adding that he admires the way Circle learns from every establishment it builds.

‘I think the building lends itself really well to care and nursing,’ he says.‘It makes giving good care easier.